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SUL English Challenges Blog Cover Polish

Common English mistakes that Polish speakers make

English isn’t like Polish – it will feel strange at first to learn, understand and speak English. There are some big differences between the two languages after all!

For example, the grammar and word order in English is stricter than in Polish, causing confusion
for Polish speakers.

Let’s go through some common mistakes Polish speakers make and how to fix them.

Present Simple vs Present Continuous vs Present Perfect

There are different versions of the present tense in English that work in different ways. Polish speakers often confuse either the present simple with the present perfect OR the present simple with the present continuous.

Don’t say, in the present simple:
     ● I know him for 5 years. [trans. Znam go pięć lat.]

Instead, say:

     ● I have known him for 5 years.

In English, we use the present perfect (have + past participle, have + known) to describe states that started in the past but are continuing in the present.

The third version of the present tense in the English language is the present continuous. The difference between the present simple and the present continuous is how you talk about an action: when did the action take place? Do you do this all the time?

As an example, the present simple is used to describe things you do regularly:
     ● I play football every Tuesday.

Polish people might say:
     ● I’m playing football every Tuesday. [trans. Gram w piłkę co wtorek.]

The present continuous is mostly used to show how you were interrupted while doing something
else. For example:
    ● I was running towards a goal when my opponent tackled me.

Double Negatives

It is grammatically correct to use a double negative in Polish to show that something didn’t happen or that a situation is not relevant to you or something means nothing. In English, it’s grammatically incorrect to use a double negative.
 
A Polish speaker might say:
     ● I don’t know no one here. [trans. Nikogo tu nie znam.]
 
In English, the same sentence translates to:
     ● I don’t know anyone here.
 
Tip!

Don’t try to translate anyone/anything/anywhere into Polish – there is no exact equivalent of these words in this context.

Problem with long vowels

In the Polish language, there are 6 vowels (a, e, i, o, u, y) that are pronounced exactly as seen. In English, there are both short and long vowels which can be difficult to pronounce.

This is most noticeable in the pronunciation of “e” and “i”-type sounds. There’s a trick to the different vowel pronunciations – Here’s the trick to the different “e” and “i” sounds, which explain in this video below.


Articles

There are no articles in Polish, but English does have them. Because of this, Polish speakers who learn English either forget to use, or over-use them. There’s also the confusion between which article to use, as English has two different articles: the and a/an.
 
For example, Polish speakers might ask:
 
    ● Do you have cat? [trans. Czy masz kota?]
    ● Do you have the cat? [trans. Czy masz kota?]
 
In English, both of these sentences are wrong, as you do need the article, but you’re using the wrong one.
 
The article ‘the’ is used when you are referring to a specific object, whereas the articles ‘a’ or ‘an’ are used to talk about non-specific objects.

So, the correct way to ask if someone has a cat in English is:
 
      ● Do you have a cat?
 
Tip!
 
There are cases where even in English, there is no article. This applies in specific cases such as:

     – Plurals: I like books.
    – Most countries: I live in Germany. I study in Japan.
    – Subjects you learn in school: I study history. I’m very good at science.

Prepositions

Prepositions are difficult to master in English, but there’s something else – we don’t put them at the start of the sentence.

To native English speakers, it sounds very old-fashioned or very formal to ask:

    ● At what are you looking?(trans. Na co patrzysz?)
    ● With whom were you talking when I saw you? (trans. Z kim rozmawiałeś kiedy Cię widziałam?)
 
In everyday English, the preposition is at the end of the sentence. So you would ask:

    ● What are you looking at?
    ● Who were you talking with when I saw you?

Final thoughts

We’ve just discussed six things that Polish speakers find tricky when they learn English. From vocabulary to grammar and pronunciation, there are some key differences between the two languages!

With practice, you will be confident when you speak English. At Speak Up London, our teachers understand the challenges of learning English and are here to help you improve.
 
 
Author: Speak Up London team

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lina1 Alina1
5 days ago

For about half a year now, I have been studying at Speak Up London, and I can wholeheartedly recommend this school to anyone who wants to improve their English. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for Lucas from Speak Up London. He is someone who truly makes studying at the school comfortable, well-organised, and genuinely enjoyable. Lucas is always attentive, ready to help with any questions, and quick to find solutions in both academic and organisational matters. He creates a sense of confidence and a warm, friendly atmosphere, even when you are far away from home. Thanks to his professionalism, kindness, and genuine support, the school becomes a place you are happy to come to every day. Lucas, thank you sincerely for your care, support, and humanity. You make studying here not only effective but truly inspiring and heartwarming!

Erika Guagliardo
5 days ago

Una fantastica esperienza che non dimenticherò mai. Sono stata a Londra per migliorare il mio inglese ma ho trovato una famiglia composta da amici provenienti da tutto il mondo e lo devo alla scuola e alla bravura degli insegnanti ma ancora di più ai social programme e le gite fuori porta che mi hanno dato la possibilità non solo di visitare posti nuovi come Canterbury, Cambridge e Brighton ma anche parlale e conoscere nuove persone. Da qui il mio inglese è migliorato notevolmente! Grazie mille Speak Up London a presto! ☺️

sofian boudouma
6 days ago

Je recommande sans hésiter !! Merci encore à toute l’équipe Speak Up !!

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Reviews

lina1 Alina1
5 days ago

For about half a year now, I have been studying at Speak Up London, and I can wholeheartedly recommend this school to anyone who wants to improve their English. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for Lucas from Speak Up London. He is someone who truly makes studying at the school comfortable, well-organised, and genuinely enjoyable. Lucas is always attentive, ready to help with any questions, and quick to find solutions in both academic and organisational matters. He creates a sense of confidence and a warm, friendly atmosphere, even when you are far away from home. Thanks to his professionalism, kindness, and genuine support, the school becomes a place you are happy to come to every day. Lucas, thank you sincerely for your care, support, and humanity. You make studying here not only effective but truly inspiring and heartwarming!

Erika Guagliardo
5 days ago

Una fantastica esperienza che non dimenticherò mai. Sono stata a Londra per migliorare il mio inglese ma ho trovato una famiglia composta da amici provenienti da tutto il mondo e lo devo alla scuola e alla bravura degli insegnanti ma ancora di più ai social programme e le gite fuori porta che mi hanno dato la possibilità non solo di visitare posti nuovi come Canterbury, Cambridge e Brighton ma anche parlale e conoscere nuove persone. Da qui il mio inglese è migliorato notevolmente! Grazie mille Speak Up London a presto! ☺️

sofian boudouma
6 days ago

Je recommande sans hésiter !! Merci encore à toute l’équipe Speak Up !!